In the realm of orthopedic surgery, medical-grade titanium rod implants have emerged as a renowned choice for treating a variety of bone fractures. These implants are produced from high-grade titanium, a substance renowned for its exceptional robustness, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. The superior mechanical properties of titanium m

PbSe quantum particle solar cells represent a promising avenue for reaching high photovoltaic efficiency. These devices leverage the unique optoelectronic properties of PbSe quantum dots, which exhibit size-tunable bandgaps and exceptional light absorption in the solar spectrum. By meticulously tuning the size and composition of the PbSe particles,